Lighting
Use the flash sparingly, especially when photographing people. Natural light, such as the light coming in from a window, provides a more flattering tone and a higher-quality photo. For a dramatic effect, experiment with shadows created by natural light.
If possible, avoid shooting in the middle of the day, when the sun is directly overhead, creating harsh shadows or "raccoon" eyes on the subject's face.
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When you can choose your shoot time, the best hours are just after sunrise and just before sunset. These hours are called the "golden hours" due to the orange hues that make everything look better.
Bad lightingâ€Â¦ (Not enough light “Underexposed”)
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Too much light “Over Exposed”
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Composition
There’s nothing wrong with placing your subject in the exact center of the frame, but there’s nothing particularly interesting about it either. It’s actually more aesthetically pleasing to place your subject off center than mid-frame
Lets start with the good old favorite - The Rule of Thirds - 'One of the most popular 'rules' in photography is the Rule Of Thirds. It is also popular amongst artists. It works like this: Imaginary lines are drawn dividing the image into thirds both horizontally and vertically. You place important elements of your composition where these lines intersect.' Of course some of the most stunning pictures break this and most of the following 'rules'. But it whether you follow them religiously or break them rebelliously its worthwhile knowing them.
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'Basic Photography' recommends Filling the Frame - 'Sometimes your mind tends to exaggerate what you see through the viewfinder of your camera. You often perceive things a bit bigger than they actually are and you also tend not to notice 'slight' distractions. What you end up with is photographs with huge areas of wasted space around the edge and people with things growing out of their heads. Make sure your subject fills the frame.'
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Try an new Angle..
Get creative by using different angles. Get down on the ground or up on a chair, and look at your subject from a different perspective. Take time to find the best viewpoint and take several shots of the same subject from various angles.
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Any more suggestions would be greatly appreciated especially on portraits
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