I don't know for sure, but I'm guessing that Lr needs to make changes to correct distortions and optimize the matching from image to image. Since it is processing multiple images, it needs to store this stuff somewhere, and for RAW files, the .xmp is the only place it can. For JPEGs or TIFFs, the metadata is also an option.
If my hypothesis is correct, then a .xmp file should be created for a RAW file. For JPEG or TIFF, I would expect that what happens would be dependent on the Lr preferences. If the preferences are set to create .xmp "sidecar" files, it should go there. If not, then that data would have to be stored in the metadata of the main file.
In any case, I would be incredibly careful with non-RAW originals and any software. When shooting for a challenge in a non-RAW format, e.g. for a minimal-editing challenge, I'd keep originals in a safe place, and make copies to do editing. I wouldn't even let software *transfer* my originals.
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